Social Reward And Its Effect On Society - 925 Words

Throughout all cultures of the world, one common characteristic can be found- kindness, and the willingness to help others in all situations. People all around are motivated to do good for different reasons. In the early 1600s-1750s, the Puritan settlers in America believed in a strong work ethic, and that doing good would benefit a person in the eyes of heaven. The Humanists, a later group, believed in the philosophy that people do good to help society. Although people do good purely to help society, most are motivated by the reward of the deed. The fear of not acting on good deeds is also a equal motivator, similar to the Puritans. In our modern society, the social reward, promotion of one’s self-image, and to get â€Å"brownie points† for their religion are all motivation factors for people to do good. Social reward is one of the main causes of people doing good in today’s world. Social reward can be defined as how a person is rewarded in the social realm, l ike gaining friends, or gaining publicity on social media. According to the website â€Å"Stuff Christians Like,† a person is motivated to do things based on how they anticipate the social media world to expect it. Because of this, people do good to get social media â€Å"likes† (Yost). In return, the â€Å"viewer† of a do good moment might favorite/retweet/like it because they are compelled by the pathos in it. This process creates a cycle of motivating people to do good only for social media likes. In The Autobiography by BenjaminShow MoreRelatedSocial Stratification And Its Effects On Society1266 Words   |  6 PagesSocial stratification is a way people categorize others in a socioeconomic strata. Social stratification has four principles: social stratification has and continues to persist over generations, it involves inequality, beliefs and other economic and ideological standards, it is universal but variable, and it is also a â€Å"trait† of soci ety. Social stratification doesn’t categorize certain individuals by their looks or popularity, but instead categorizes by different aspects such as the job they haveRead MoreHow The Brain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals And Treatment1468 Words   |  6 PagesHow the Brain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals and Treatment One of the most addictive substances in the modern society that is increasingly abused is cocaine, which is a drug that generates several problems in the society and today’s health care programs. As a result of the increased use of this drug, users sometime develop cocaine addiction or dependence, which is a condition characterized by an overwhelming psychological desire to use the drug regularly. Despite its associated psychologicalRead MoreEmile Durkheim : The Foundations Of Structural Functionalism1436 Words   |  6 Pagesfunctions) for society. The first of these is to reinforce our sense of belonging and community (social solidarity). This is done is schools in a number of ways, but it can be seen best in those things which unite people and make them feel part of a group. Think of uniforms, sport activities and competitions against other schools. The study of history gives us a sense of the continuity of our culture. The next role of education is to maintain social roles and social rules (social order). SchoolsRead MoreSocial Stratification And Its Impact On Society758 Words   |  4 PagesSocial stratification is described as the hierarchy order of people within a society. (Macionis, 2004, p.186). Every society has a system in which it functions. Society is usually classified in two forms of systems, the closed system known as castle system or open systems known as class systems. In a castle system individuals are classified from birth and there is limited social mobility to move up or down social categories. In the class system, individuals have social status from birth and personalRead MoreBeing A Great Enforcer Of Behavior1304 Words   |  6 Pageshomework gets done) contingent with behavior is wrong. Main Ideas Agreed with/Disagreed with In agreement I agree with the author that praise and rewards has being a great enforcer of behavior in our society and child rearing practices. I particularly like his intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation concerns and the importance of what kind of motivators’ society is currently producing for the new generation. I have come to conclude from the book that the world is moving towards selfish gains and materialisticRead MoreTheories on Social Inequality from a Functionalist, Conflict, and Symbolic-Interactionist Points of View670 Words   |  3 PagesSocial inequality is the issue pertaining to the lack of housing, health care, education, employment opportunities, and status. It is the dismissal of people from participation in what we, the members of society distinguish as being valuable, important, socially desirable, and personally worthwhile. There are many different perspectives on social inequality within our society; the three areas I am going to focus on are those of the Functionalist , Conflict and Symbolic-Interactionist. The FunctionalistRead MoreEconomic Incentives : Effect Of Social Disapproval1244 Words   |  5 Pagescitet{carpenter2006mutual} following similar work by citet{gachter2000cooperation}, provide empirical evidence that economic incentives can reinforce the effect of social disapproval. Both the mentioned papers consider groups of people ranging from five to ten. Each group plays ten rounds, and are then moved to a different group after each round in the `strangers treatment. There are three stages to each round, firstly they must contribute, secondly the contributions are made public and finallyRead MoreThe Health Of Health Care983 Words   |  4 PagesRegardless of the factors, health and medicine have acknowledged and treated illnesses that society at one point may have thought cureless. But what is better than treating a disease or any kind of harm, physically and psychologically? Preventing it. Preventive care is like the guardian angel on people’s shoulder. People igno re it and later on question why bad things happen to them. Prevention has been present in society, but the majority of people ignore precautions given from professionals and the mediaRead MoreUses And Uses Of Increase Motivation On Education, Health, And Research1066 Words   |  5 Pageseducation, health and research. It combines play and game design with systems or programs using rules, challenges, and rewards motivating users to engage in traditionally non-gaming environments. This essay discusses the definition of gamification, how it is used in education, health and research to increase motivation, and the limitations of this use. Gamification can benefit many in society to increase motivation, although some caution is advised. The term and concept of gamification is relativelyRead MoreMotivation is defined as an inner drive that encourages action or feeling towards a desired goal.1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviour, what starts the behaviour, why a person does something and why the behaviour stops and what are the forces that determine behaviour’s intensity. There are different types of motivation that influences us from day to day and they have different effects from a short term to long term. As human beings we are inspired in different ways to different motivations. There are two main different types of motivations: Intrinsic motivation and Extrinsic motivation. Sciberras (Lecture 2013-2014). Intrinsic

My Philosophy of Education Essay - 851 Words

My Philosophy of Education The obstacle of finding a career is something we are all faced with at one time or another. Fortunately for me, I found this decision to be a very easy one, because I have a love for teaching. The decision of my career was clear. I was going to become a teacher. The nature of students, or at least most students, is to learn and master problem-solving abilities in order to be a successful adult. I believe the student’s nature is ever changing, therefore, in that perspective, I agree mostly with progressivism. People are natural explorers, and the mind of the human is designed for problem solving. One person whose views I share is John Dewey, who is the founder of progressivism. Mr. Dewey said the†¦show more content†¦Education is relative, because it is ever changing generation after generation. Technology is being advanced, discoveries are being made, and babies are being born everyday. History is not repeating itself. We are simply turning the pages of time and on every page there is a different life story. There are many people who agree with this train of thought: Nancy J. Holland and Soren Kierkegaard. Both of these people agreed that education is relative because both the teacher and the student learn from each other because both of their lives are changing everyday. Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget researched and concluded that knowledge cannot be given directly from the teacher to the learner, but must be constructed by the learner and reconstructed as new information becomes available. The purpose of education is so the entire population has an equal opportunity to acquire a meaningful education. Any type of education is important to better our country, communities, and most of all our own selves. I want to accomplish as a teacher an excellent environment for learning so my students will have the utmost chance at successful lives. I want to teach my students with a better education system so they can better themselves. I want my students to accomplish and fulfill their dreams and go as far as they can into life. Since I will be teaching high school students, I believe that on graduation day there should be educationally well-roundedShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education1038 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the informationRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of GodRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of education. In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and help

Music report Essay Paper Example For Students

Music report Essay Paper Organized a big concert to celebrate the 200 anniversary of the birth of Frederic Chopin. This invitation was open to all students of the college, which had the opportunity to hear two concerts for piano, of the great Polish composer. The concert brings together two music teachers of the College: soloist and piano: Ms. Titian Vagarious and Mr.. Dimitys Outfoxes, piano and conducting and as well as the orchestra of Deere. The concert took place in the theater of Pierce. When I arrived at the theater and found the place had to sit, I took a look at the stage. The musicians, however, had not yet risen to the stage. A few minutes later began to enter the first musicians to take sides on stage. Thus, the stage slowly stuffing and everything was ready to begin the concert. Onto the stage was about twenty-five musicians with many different musical instruments. Some of the players rehearsing and others tune their instruments. At 8 pm, the show started and so all the audience we are happy to hear the first concert. This was a very potential and simultaneously romantic song, with many music rotations. After a relatively long time, the first concert is over. After this, it was time for the second concert, where it was also a romantic and a very beautiful piece. As I remember the second part was much lively than the first one. The first concert was a project that Chopin had composed in 1833. The piece is divided into three movements and all together it takes about 40 minutes. As mentioned above the style of this piece is mantic, so lets the listener in a pleasant atmosphere and passes a happy feeling. The instruments participating in this piece are as follows: orchestra 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, tuba, timpani, strings and solo piano. The three movements that contains is: 1) Allegro maestros, 2) Romance Lorgnette, 3) Rondo Vice. In the first movement, the exposition modulates to the parallel major, I-I, instead of the expected -Ill. In fact, the Romance is the only pavement where the second theme of the exposition fits the classical model of modulating to the dominant (I-V), although even there, when the second theme returns, it modulates to the medians (Ill). The second concert was composed in 1830, before he had finished his formal education ? he was around 20 years old. It was first performed on 17 March 1830, in Warsaw, Poland, with the composer as soloist. It was the second of his piano concertos to be published (after the Piano Concerto No. 1), and so was designated as No. , although it was written first. The work contains the three movements typical of instrumental concertos of the period: 1) Maestros, 2) Lorgnette, 3) Allegro vice. In the finale, the violins are at one point instructed to play cool legion (with the wood of the bow). The main theme of the final movement, as introduced by the piano, is music report By lampposts his mazurka. The second concert lasts 30 minutes. To conclude, the great majori ty of Chopping compositions were written for the piano as solo instrument; all his extant works feature the piano in one way or another. They are technically demanding but emphasize nuance and expressive depth. Chopin invented musical forms such as the instrumental ballade and made major innovations to the piano sonata, mazurka, waltz, nocturne, polonaise, etude, impromptu and prelude. The two concerts we had the opportunity to follow-up was very nice, and Mrs.. Vagarious and Mr.. Outfoxes, but the orchestra of Deere, was very good. I hope, I can again in the future to attend to such a fantastic concert, either again devoted to Chopin, whether devoted to another composer.

Sonnet 116 Essays - Rhyme, Sonnet, Fixed Verse,

Sonnet 116 1- Let me not to the marriage of true minds 2- Admit impediments; Love is not love 3- Which alters when alterations find 4- Or bends with remover to remove 5- Oh, no, it is an ever-fixed mark, 6- That looks on tempests and is never shaken 7- It is a star to every wandering bark, 8- Whose worth's unknown although his height be taken 9- Love's not Time's fool though rosy lips and cheeks 10- Within his bending sickless compass come 11- Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, 12- But bars it out even to the edge of Doom 13- If this be error, and upon me proved, 14- I never writ, nor man ever loved. - I chose this sonnet because it is very beautiful and shows the immortality of love and in the way that it comes through struggles just as good as it first went in, - Lines 1-4: This is saying that if love changes or is removed if it is challenged it is not love; perhaps it is infatuation. - Lines 5-8: Love is something that is always there taken away by anything; it is the thing that everybody looks for in life, if it seems to be gone, love is there more than it originally was although it may not seem like it. - Lines 9-12: The personification of love and time: Love cannot change throughout the course of Time and Time holds no restraints against Love. Time cannot grasp hold of Love at all and bring it down even when it seems that Love will be snuffed out. - Lines 13-14: If the above statements are wrong and proved to me, then I have never written ever before and there has been no love in the world ever before.

Fear and Hate in the Novel 1984 Essays

Fear and Hate in the Novel 1984 Essays Fear and Hate in the Novel 1984 Essay Fear and Hate in the Novel 1984 Essay Essay Topic: 1984 Fear causes hate, and hate seeds violence and conflict. In the novel, 1984, the overriding party uses numerous techniques in order to mold society into their idea of an ideal person through altering their emotions, memory and thoughts. The party rewrites history and changes facts and the party has (have) been using fear to assist in remaking history to direct the little love left in the people towards Big Brother. They also use fear to eradicate all chances of thoughts being against the party by removing basic human instincts and leaving them as a blank canvas. The party has the means of controlling and monitoring the people through organizations and technology made for the sole purpose of keeping the people fearful of persecution. The use of fear is an essential part of the partys full control over the people. (End with a sentence saying how these things seed violence and conflict) The alteration of history and facts is the Partys biggest tool to push their frightening and hateful views onto the people. Oceania is constantly at war for the sole purpose of maintaining power and keeping the people ignorant to the world outside of Oceania. In the beginning of the novel, Oceania is at war with Eurasia and the party portrays the Eurasian army as robotic soldiers. Winston saw that; A new poster had suddenly appeared all over London. It had no caption, andrepresented simply the monstrous figure of a Eurasian soldier, three or four metres high,striding forward with expressionless Mongolian face and enormous boots, a submachinegun pointed from his hip.(p188) The reasoning behind this alteration is to dehumanize the soldiers and create fear and hatred towards Eurasia which in turn, seeds violence. This is essential as the party needs an outlet to direct the populations anger and hatred. it would become more of a challenge to contain them. Another way the party shifts the hatred away from them and to the Eurasians is Hate Week. There :

French Proofreading and Editing Tips for Key Problems

French Proofreading and Editing Tips for Key Problems Whether youre checking over French homework, proofreading an essay, or verifying a translation, there are certain key problem areas to watch out for. This is not a definitive list by any means, but it indicates areas of confusion and common mistakes caused by differences between French and English and includes links to more detailed explanations and examples. Before you turn anything in, check the following areas of your work. Vocabulary Watch out for differences in meaning and/or spelling. AccentsMissing and incorrect accents are spelling mistakes. ExpressionsDouble-check your idiomatic expressions. False CognatesMany words are similar in spelling but not in meaning. Spelling EquivalentsStudy these differences between English and French spelling. True CognatesThese words are identical in spelling and meaning. Grammar An endless topic, but here are some typical areas of difficulty. AgreementMake sure your adjectives, pronouns, and other words agree. ArticlesDont forget -   these are more common in French. Clauses    * Conjunctions Use the right kind of conjunction.    * Relative Clauses Be careful with relative pronouns.    * Si Clauses Check that these are set up correctly. GenderMake a real effort to use the correct gender. NegationBe sure to use the best negative structure. QuestionsAre you asking them correctly? Verbs    * Conjugations Ensure that each  conjugation matches its subject.    * Modal Verbs These are quite different in French.    * Prepositions Be sure to follow each verb with the right preposition.    * Tense Mood Are your tenses consistent? Do you need the subjunctive? Word OrderAdjectives, adverbs, negation, pronouns cause positioning problems. Mechanics Written conventions can be very different in French and English. Acronyms/AbbreviationsMake sure you write them the French way. CapitalizationCareful - this is much less common in French. ContractionsThese are optional in English, but required in French. Punctuation NumbersFollow French spacing rules and use the correct symbols.

The Emotionally Abused Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Emotionally Abused Population - Essay Example By seriously addressing and analyzing each of these issues, not only will we be able to see the current state of the emotionally abused population, but as well will be able to better recognize and understand about the solutions that can be sought and hoped for in the future. The aim of this paper is to do this, as well as discuss any and all other key and related issues. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The 'emotionally abused population' is a term which basically refers to just what it sounds like - the percentage of people in the world who would be medically classified as being emotionally abused. Emotional abuse can be caused by many different things and people, and in many different ways, and the worst part of all is that most of the time, people do not even realize that they have been or are being emotionally abused until it is too late. Emotional abuse "refers to a long-term situation in which one person uses his or her power or influence to adversely affect the mental well-being of another. Emotional abuse can appear in a variety of forms, including rejection, degradation, isolation, corruption, exploitation, and invoking terror" (Evans, 1996). There are many different indicators which may be a sign that a person is suffering from emotional abuse, and this includes that of the following: depression, withdrawal, low self-esteem, severe anxiety, fearfulness, failure to be able to establish a mutually acceptable manner in which to manage differences, failure to thrive in infancy, aggression, emotional instability, sleep disturbances, extreme dependence, and inability to trust, for example - there are many more. However, some persons who suffer from emotional abuse actually tend to show no signs at all, and this can be frustrating because it can thus often be basically impossible to notice whether or not someone is suffering from emotional abuse. Only a few studies actually have been able to provide any worthwhile insight into the matter of the prevalence of emotional abuse in North America, let alone the rest of the world, and there are many different reasons for this. The subject of emotional abuse is actually quite hard to research, for several different reasons in particular, including: in comparison to other forms of abuse, its effects have only recently been recognized; there are no consistent definitions and it is quite hard to define; it is difficult to detect, assess, and substantiate; and the majority of emotional abuse cases go unreported, thus resulting in a lacking of substantial evidence and data. However, there is a quite significant amount of statistical data which has been attained over the past few years in regards to emotional abuse, and in one study in particular, it was shown that "77 percent of women reported emotional abuse in combination with physical abuse81 percent of male respondents reported that they had psychologically abused a female partnerandthat

European Human Rights Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European Human Rights Law - Essay Example Thus, under Articles 1, the Member Nations are accountable for the infringement of the safeguarded freedom and rights of any individual within their jurisdiction or competence –particularly at the juncture of the infringement. In Assanidze v Georgia1 case, the pivotal issue before the court was whether the jurisdiction can be exercised by the Central government of Georgia in the â€Å"Ajarian Autonomous Republic† as the Georgia encountered some intricacies in inflicting its authority over the local authority of the autonomous republic. The view of the court was that the â€Å" Ajarian Autonomous Republic â€Å" is without any doubt an integral province of the Georgia and subject to its control and competence . Thus, in this case, no debate concerning the â€Å"effective control† was thrown up2. Though a state is having jurisdiction throughout its territory, there could be some extraordinary scenarios where a State could not exercise its authority in some region s in its territory. So as to corroborate whether such scenario is existing , the Court will be looking into not only the objective facts but also the State’s demeanour as the State has the positive duty to initiate apt steps to make sure that there exists a respect for human rights within its whole of its region. The court will also look into in an extraordinary scenario the acts of a State which created impacts or happened outside its jurisdiction or territory, which could be regarded as exercise of its jurisdiction. Further, if in the outside territory of a State, if a State is exercising its control over its local administration, mainly through its military and fiscal support, then it could be conceived as the State is having jurisdiction in such territories3. Only under exceptional scenarios , jurisdiction is supposed on the footing of non-territorial issues like – the criminal activities by any individuals in abroad against the interest of the its nationals or aga inst the country ; actions by public officials carried out in abroad by consular and diplomatic representatives of the State ; certain acts carried out on the board of vessels flying the State flag or spacecraft or aircraft registered in such a nation ; and especially in relation to grave international crimes. In Gentilhomme and Others v France,4 it was held that the concept of â€Å" jurisdiction† within the meaning of Article 1 of the convention must be regarded as mirroring the status under public international law. In Bankovic and Others v Belgium and other Contracting States5, it was held that the concept â€Å"jurisdiction† is essentially or primarily territorial. In Lozidou v Turkey6 , the territorial jurisdiction covers any area which, at the time of the said infringement, is under the â€Å"overall control of ‘of the state concerned, which is in addition to the State territory proper. In Cyprus v Turkey [GC]7 , the term jurisdiction refers notably to oc cupied regions except the areas which fall outside such control8. In Illascu v Moldova and Russia9 case, the court substitutes the â€Å" effective control† test by appending two more new components; the â€Å"survival through support† test and the â€Å" decisive influence â€Å" test. In this case, the court has not given any significance to the â€Å"effective control† but substituted the same with the concept â€Å"effective authority.† In Moldova’

The Benefits of Reading Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Reading Essay Reading is the best thing we can do for ourselves. Not only does reading enrich our lives, it can also enrich the world around us. It has been stated that, â€Å"The more you read, the better you get at it; the better you get at it, the more you like it; the more you like it, the more you do it. And the more you read, the more you know; the more you know, the smarter you grow†. The benefits of reading last a lifetime. Reading well affects a person’s academic and professional success. However, it has been found that Malaysians do not read enough. Many students do not read beyond the materials of the school curriculum. With the existence of television and the advancement of computers with the internet, books have taken a backseat. The young today prefers sprouting roots in front of the television, surfing the internet or playing console games. Many perceive reading as a chore rather than pleasure. There is a need to bring back the creative culture of reading among Malaysians. Since the birth of our nation in 1957, there have been numerous campaigns held to encourage the reading habit among Malaysians because our government knows that only an educated and knowledgeable nation can climb up the ladder of success. However, campaigns launched to encourage reading are unable to achieve much as progress cannot be seen in the short time limit. Reading is the habit that has to be ingrained and inculcated from young. An environment that encourages reading needs to be created by parents in the home. Research has shown that the early years in a child’s life have the highest rates in forming and establishing the habit of reading. Habits formed at a young age will stay with them for a long time. Thus, parents and teachers should teach the young to appreciate and enjoy reading beyond their school text books. The reading time should not be turned into a task but into a pleasurable and enthralling experience. The benefits of reading are many. Reading fiction materials can transport the reader to another world and provides relaxation. It has a therapeutic effect as it stimulates the right side of the brain to the beauty and rhythm of language which has the ability to calm and relax us. Leisure reading can lead to an input of language acquisition as well as language competence. Through carefully graded and selected reading materials learners can gain a wide range of vocabulary and good expressions, thereby improving their language skills. In general, those who have more literacy in English reads more. Teachers and lecturers of higher institution of learning are appalled when students or undergraduates cannot even comprehend reading passages or communicate their thoughts. The drop in the standard of English is definitely due to lack of reading materials in English. Reading is a profitable pursuit in which we can obtain beneficial insights and knowledge. Hence, Malaysians cannot ignore the habit of reading. The habit needs to be exercised and allow to flow from a regular routine. Then, only with literate and educated citizens can our nation succeed and be raised to greater heights. After all, â€Å"A nation that reads, is a nation that succeeds. †

Let The Circle Be Unbroken :: essays research papers

Let the Circle be Unbroken   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When TJ gets a trial, the Logan children are very happy because they think he will not be killed. Mama and Papa disagree because the jury will be entirely white. Mr. Jaminson does and excellent job defending TJ. He had experiments, such as putting a black stocking over his hand and showing it to Mrs. Barnett. He also had strong evidence that TJ did not commit the crime. At the end, TJ was found guilty, mostly because of the jury’s prejudice. This part is a very crucial part of the novel because if TJ were not convicted, the Logan children would have not ridden up to strawberry and they would not have used the â€Å"white† bathrooms. This incident sets a sad tone for the rest of the novel. If TJ weren’t convicted, a majority of the rest of the book would deal with threats against TJ and how he deals with them. Maybe TJ would even get into more trouble with RW and Melvin. When Dube organizes a union with Mr. Wheeler and John Moses, they all came to Mr. Logan for help. They asked him if he could sign up all of the people in his area. Their goal is to get plantation workers 50 cents from sunup to sundown. It looked like Mr. Logan would go along with it until Mr. Wheeler blurts out that it would be a white and black union. Mr. Logan shows some resistance and never really lets Mr. Wheeler know if he would do it or not. This turning point is important because later on in the book the Logans go to a meeting about the union. After that, the night men ambush the next meeting (Logans don’t attend). Dube, who was at the meeting, comes knocking on the Logans door asking for help. If this event would have not taken place, the second union meeting would have not gotten ambushed and all of those people wouldn’t have gotten hurt. Dube wouldn’t have knocked on the Logans door asking for help. The meeting could have been a success and the plantation workers (a.k.a. sharecroppers) would get 50 cents a day for work. My opinion on this event is why even have meetings. The book did a very poor job explaining what Mr. Wheeler and John Moses talked about. In reality, would your pay get boosted from 4 cents a day to 50 cents a day especially in time of depression?

Political Geography Essay

Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerous aspects of political geographic research inevitably impact our lives. This impact can either be perceived in our daily activities, or can play crucial role for the development of global international relations. Extensive knowledge of Political Geography is required for the sound development of various domestic policies, starting with transport and communications, and up to the issues of sea and oceans politics. Political Geography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most interesting aspect of Political Geography learned in this course   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Answering the question â€Å"what is the most interesting aspect of Political Geography learned in this course†, the following parameters should be considered: the most interesting aspect of Political Geography and its impact onto the real-life political processes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issues of economic development and their close relation to the issues within the area of foreign relations seem to be the most important and interesting aspects of Political Geography. As far as these two aspects constantly interact, they should also be considered together. Glassner and Fahrer (2003) viewed the process of economic development through the prism of historical studies: the end of colonial era was marked by the growing need to invest all available economic resources into the development of the newly born states. â€Å"The colonial countries invested in their colonies whatever they felt was necessary to control and administer the territory† (p. 242). As a result, the ex-colonies had to find the same available resources in order to promote their further economic development. This is where Political Geography came into action: the development of foreign relations had to be based on thorough research of potential political (and especially, economic) partners. For example, the ex-colony Tuvalu has entered the United Nations only after 22 years of its independence: this time period was required to weigh economic pros and cons of foreign relations (Glassner & Fahrer, p. 244). The new countries not only had to clearly delineate their physical borders, but to determine what economic resources they could offer their partners in exchange for other resources or intangible economic benefits. â€Å"A new country has not only domestic problems to wrestle with, but foreign ones as well† (p. 244). As a result, the country cannot successfully build its relations with foreign economic partners without properly evaluating its position, and the position of other countries in the world geographical structure. Proper evaluation of this position is impossible without extensive knowledge of Political Geography.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As we consider economic development to be the most important aspect of Political Geography, it is difficult to deny that economic development cannot be successful and predictable without profound knowledge of Political Geography.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   U.S. oceans policies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The U.S. oceans policies should be developed with the account of the cultural, economic, and political parameters. The crucial aspects of oceans policies will relate to the economic zones, political delineation of shelf areas, and cultural awareness in the area of international seabed territories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Prior to 1945, the continental shelf was a geological feature known only to geologists† (p. 454). However, political and economic conditions must emphasize the importance of continental shelf in the state oceans policy. The shelf has become the political tool of controlling economic resources of the coastal states; as a result, the coastal shelf issues should be considered through both economic and political prisms. As long as the primary purpose of the state is to control its territorial integrity, the boundaries of the coastal shelf are not an exception (Agnew 2002, p. 80). This is why the political emphasis in the new ocean policy should be made upon the importance of coastal shelf for the economic and political stability of the country. Another economic aspect of ocean policies is in developing the criteria of effectiveness for exclusive economic zones. â€Å"Each coastal state now is entitled to a zone, seaward of the territorial sea and adjacent to it, within which it has sovereign rights† (p. 453). New oceans policies should pursue the effective exploration of the discussed zones with the account of possible environmental problems and potential environmental damage. Cultural awareness of mass population about the environmental issues within the oceans policies should be promoted as a part of the overall national oceans strategy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The new oceans policy should emphasize the important cultural and environmental, as well as political and economic aspects. It is important that the new policy not only emphasizes previous achievements, but effectively utilizes them to develop new policy directions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What aspect of Political Geography is the most important to our daily life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political Geography inevitably impacts our daily life. In this aspect, we have to define what elements of Political Geography we find crucial for our daily activity, and how they influence us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No one doubts that transportation and communication are the two essential elements of our daily lives; yet, not everyone knows that transportation and communication are the two aspects of Political Geography. â€Å"Movement, one of the five themes of geography, is critically important to all life on Earth and especially so to people† (p. 511). The discussed elements not only impact our daily lives, but provide the continuity of political, economic, and social processes at the global level. Transport and communications are traditionally perceived as some distant large-scale issues. However, when it comes to the need to travel, especially at a long distance, transportation issues directly impact our daily performance. Any political and geographical problems (weather, political conflicts between the states, military operations, and smaller issues with traffic jams) break our schedules, and throw us into the whirl of issues which should be resolved immediately and all together. Air transport appears to be the most politicized of all (p. 520). Ultimately, this is the air transport which is mostly impacted by political and geographical aspects, and which often does not suggest any traveling alternatives (especially in terms of overseas journeys). We often do not realize the significance of communication and transport until we face certain communication problems. Political Geography sheds the light onto the basic policies in the area of communication and transport, of which we should be aware in our daily activity (Blacksell, 2005). Even if our professions are not directly connected with transport and communications, these are the two elements of our life with which we come in touch daily. References Agnew, J. (2002). Making Political Geography. McGraw-Hill. Blacksell, M. (2005). Political geography. Routledge. Glassner, M. & Fahrer, C. (2003). Political Geography. Wiley, 3rd edition.      Ã‚     

Questions and Issues of Affirmative Action

Question at Issue Affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. The tension of the 1960's civil rights movement had made it very clear, that the nation's minority and female population were not receiving equal social and economic opportunity. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem, it had previously chose to ignore. However, there are many people that don't see affirmative action as a positive solution to this major societal problem of racial inequality. These people feel that Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination in the workplace. The Enthymeme Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination because Affirmative action makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose simply the best employee. A= Affirmative action v1= uses B= reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination Because A= Affirmative action v2= makes C= employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose the best available employee. Assumption: Anything that makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having to simply choosing the best available employee uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Assumption and Audience The assumption for this paper will appeal to employees who do not qualify for Affirmative action, as well as employers and minorities. Employees not qualifying for Affirmative action feel shortchanged due to the fact employers, for a lesser skilled employee, bypassed them. They feel tricked by the government or the minority therefore firing up racism among the bypassed group, while Affirmative action was introduced to decrease racism. Employers also feel as if they have ended up with a lesser skilled employee therefore increasing the amount of lesser quality work. Employees provided with equal opportunity jobs bear the mark of â€Å"not being the best pick, but only the best pick from a limited group. † Organization Question at Issue: Does Affirmative action use reverse discrimination to solve discrimination? Definition of A: Affirmative action is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities for members minority groups and women. A -* C Relationship: Affirmative action causes federal contractors/employers to choose from the best available employee from the minorities instead of choosing the best available employee from the whole Definition of B: Reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination is using discerning treatment against a white male or female instead of a black male or female to solve a problem of racial inequality. A -* B Relationship: Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Definition of C: Employers ability to choose the best available employee from the whole instead of a select minority is the outcome of affirmative action. It insures that minorities are recruited to have real opportunities to be hired in the workplace. C -* B Relationship: By employers having to choose from the best of a minority group for employment rather than just simply the best employee, reverse discrimination is used to solve the problem of discrimination. This is due to the fact that unequal opportunity is given to the minority. This argument would be represented in an editorial form due to its appeal to the common everyday man trying to make an honest living. Affirmative Action Animosity Affirmative action is the U. S. program set forth in the early 1970's to correct the effects of past discrimination by giving preferential treatment to women and ethnic minorities in the workplace. At the time of affirmative action's induction to society, proponents of affirmative action programs felt that the only way to increase the number of minorities in the workplace was to establish a system of quotas to be maintained by law. However, by forming and maintaining these laws over the past twenty-five years, a development of an entirely new set of problems arose; problems that would fuel controversy over affirmative action. A majority of people are dissatisfied with current affirmative action policies, but are opposed to eliminating them completely: â€Å"Americans hold doggedly to notions of family and liberty, but they also believe in a sort of rough equality of opportunity that gives the underdog a real chance in life† (Kahlenberg 209). Once necessary, affirmative action programs have outlived their usefulness, and promote discrimination by continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices. Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination because it makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility of simply choosing the best available employee. The primary goal of affirmative action programs was to increase the number of minorities, including women, in the workplace. The American Association for Affirmative Action states that they are â€Å"dedicated to the advancement of affirmative action, equal opportunity and the elimination of discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnic background or any other criterion that deprives people of opportunities to live and work,† (AAAA Sept. 1998). Most people would agree that goal has been realized. There was a definite need for action to enlighten individuals and corporations to the negative results of their prejudices. It is unlikely that corporations would have taken the initiative to hire from the minority groups had it not been for government intervention. Affirmative action has created numerous opportunities for women and minorities in this country. It would be difficult to argue that these programs were not absolutely essential in making progress toward the semi-equality that we have today. However, affirmative action has always been a compromise, and with the progress made, a price has also been paid. Affirmative action must now be rethought and restructured. Laws created preference programs that â€Å"were based in the conscience of the American people and in their commitment to equal treatment,†(Roberts & Statton 67). The racial quotas that we experience today are blatant perversions that are illegal under the statutory language of the Civil Rights Act† (Roberts & Stratton 67). If the goal is true equal opportunity employment, removal of all advantages and allowing people to be hired for their skills and abilities only should occur. Continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices, affirmative action programs promote discrimination. Using reverse discrimination, defined as the discerning treatment against white males instead of black males or women of any race, to solve the problem of discrimination will always receive criticism for its hypocrisy. For example, in 1965, the Newport News Shipbuilding Co. buckled under the heavy hand of the EEOC, who had solicited complaints by knocking on the doors in black neighborhoods. The company reluctantly agreed to promote 2,890 of its five thousand black workers, designating 100 blacks as supervisors, and agreed to a quota system. One shipyard worker stated that the EEOC had done its best to â€Å"set black against white, labor against management, and disconcert everybody. † (Roberts & Stratton 93). Another example of this reverse discrimination was in the education system; the public case of Cheryl J. Hopwood, Douglas W. Carvell, Kenneth R. Elliott, and David A. Rogers. They filed discrimination charges again the State of Texas stating they were discriminated against and denied admission to the University of Texas School of Law. The college granted admission to less qualified African American and Mexican American applicants through the use of a quota system. This practice of preferential admissions for minorities furthers the practice of reverse discrimination, now not just in the workplace, but also in the school systems. This creates animosities between workers that lead to further segregation, defeating the intentions of the programs entirely. Through the demise of race-dividing policies, underrepresented individuals shielded by affirmative action would be forced to compete, on a level playing field, for jobs and admission to colleges and universities. Competition has nothing but positive effects and is crucial in accelerating capitalism. The debilitating effects of affirmative action and quotas hinder an individual's desire to compete in society. Destroying discrimination caused by past offenses may never have perfect solutions, therefore, creating valid arguments for maintaining the existence of equal opportunity programs. But, to continue to offer one group opportunity, due only to their minority status, at the expense of another is wrong. Non-minorities continue to feel that their rights have been violated and that they are being punished for crimes that they had no part in committing. And when non-minorities are subject to the same discrimination, they have little recourse: â€Å"Under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, white males can have no grounds for discrimination lawsuits until they are statistically underrepresented in management and line positions. The 1991 Act, in effect, repealed the 1964 act by legalizing racial preferences as the core of civil rights law† (Roberts & Stratton). Regardless of good intentions, changing the past effects of discrimination is a goal that is far from reach, however, not unattainable. Women and minorities should be entitled to enjoy the same successes as the rest of the country, without the fear of being seen as the beneficiary of entitlements. Business owners should be free to make intelligent hiring decisions based on a persons skills and talents, without the fear of penalty from the government. As Marsha M. tates, â€Å"Affirmative action is used not to level the playing field, but used to strong-arm employer's into jobs, raises and promotions for Black Americans and women. † The growing tensions that result from these programs continues to divide races, not bring them closer together. â€Å"Ultimately, either quotas will go or democracy will, because legal privileges based on status are incompatible with democracy's requirement of equal standing before the law† (Roberts & Stratton 177). Allowing different sets of rules and lower standards to separate people based on race or sex, defeats any efforts made toward finally ending discrimination. Today every American has access to employment and educational opportunities. Americans live in a world of free enterprise where they can create their own successes. Americans have the means to achieve and succeed, they just have to have the drive and incentive to go out into the world and do it. As in every aspect of life some things may not come easily. Yet these experiences make one stronger and sometimes even more determined to achieve their goals. Individuals of any race should not use or misuse the color of their skin or sexual orientation for advancing themselves over others.    These problems are what fuel the controversy over affirmative action. Most people are dissatisfied with current affirmative action policies, but are opposed to eliminating them completely: â€Å"Americans hold doggedly to notions of family and liberty, but they also believe in a sort of rough equality of opportunity that gives the underdog a real chance in life† (Kahlenberg 209). Once a necessary evil, affirmative action programs have outlived their usefulness, and promote discrimination by continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices. The primary goal of affirmative action programs was to increase the number of minorities in the workplace. Most people would agree that that goal has been realized. There was a definite need for action to enlighten individuals and corporations to the negative results of their prejudices. It is unlikely that corporations would have taken the initiative to hire from the minority groups, had it not been for government intervention. Affirmative action has created numerous opportunities for women and minorities in this country. It would be difficult to argue that these programs were not absolutely essential in making progress toward equality that we have made today. The American Association for Affirmative Action states that they are â€Å"dedicated to the advancement of affirmative action, equal opportunity and the elimination of discrimination on the basis of race, gender, ethnic background or any other criterion that deprives people of opportunities to live and work (AAAA Sept. 1998). † However, affirmative action has always been a compromise, and with the progress made, a price has also been paid. Affirmative action must now be rethought and restructured. Laws created the preference programs: â€Å"were based in the conscience of the American people and in their commitment to equal treatment. The racial quotas that we experience today are blatant perversions that are illegal under the statutory language of the Civil Rights Act† (Roberts & Stratton 67). If the goal is true equal opportunity employment, removal of all advantages and allowing people to be hired for their skills and abilities only should occur. By continuing to allow for unfair hiring practices, affirmative action programs promote discrimination. Using reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination will always receive criticism for its hypocrisy. By requiring corporations to fulfill quotas, the affirmative action laws promote the hiring of less qualified workers. For example, in 1965, the Newport News Shipbuilding Co. buckled under the heavy hand of the EEOC, who had solicited complaints by knocking on the doors in black neighborhoods. The company reluctantly agreed to promote 2,890 of its five thousand black workers, designating 100 blacks as supervisors, and agreed to a quota system. One shipyard worker stated that the EEOC had done its best to â€Å"set black against white, labor against management, and disconcert everybody. † (Roberts & Stratton 93). This creates animosities between workers that lead to further segregation, defeating the intentions of the programs entirely. Another example of this â€Å"reverse discrimination† was in the education system; the public case of Cheryl J. Hopwood, Douglas W. Carvell, Kenneth R. Elliott, and David A. Rogers. They filed discrimination charges again the State of Texas stating they were discriminated against and denied admission to the University of Texas School of Law. The college granted admission to less qualified African American and Mexican American applicants through the use of a quota system. This practice of preferential admissions for minorities furthers the practice of reverse discrimination, now not just in the workplace, but also in the school systems. Affirmative action has never been a perfect solution and people will always have valid arguments for maintaining its existence. But, to continue to offer one group opportunity, due only to their minority status, at the expense of another is wrong. Non-minorities continue to feel that their rights have been violated and that they are being punished for crimes that they had no part in committing. And when non-minorities are subject to the same discrimination, they have little recourse: â€Å"Under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, white males can have no grounds for discrimination lawsuits until they are statistically underrepresented in management and line positions. The 1991 Act, in effect, repealed the 1964 act by legalizing racial preferences as the core of civil rights law† (Roberts & Stratton). Regardless of good intentions, changing the past effects of discrimination is an unattainable goal. Women and minorities should be entitled to enjoy the same successes as the rest of the country, without the fear of being seen as the beneficiary of entitlements. Business owners should be free to make intelligent hiring decisions based on a persons skills and talents, without the fear of penalty from the government. As Marsha M. states, â€Å"Affirmative action is used not to level the playing field, but used to strong-arm employer's into jobs, raises and promotions for Black Americans and women†. The growing tensions that result from these programs continues to divide races, not bring them closer together. Allowing different sets of rules and lower Standards to separate people based on race or sex, defeats any efforts made toward finally ending discrimination. â€Å"Ultimately, either quotas will go or democracy will, because legal privileges based on status are incompatible with democracy's requirement of equal standing before the law† (Roberts & Stratton 177). Today every American has access to employment and educational opportunities. Americans live in a world of free enterprise where they can create their own successes. Americans have the means to achieve and succeed, they just have to have the drive and incentive to go out into the world and do it. As in every aspect of life some things may not come easily. Yet these experiences make one stronger and sometimes even more determined to achieve their goals. Individuals of any race should not use or misuse the color of their skin or sexual orientation for advancing themselves over others. Instead by using their talents, knowledge and sense of fairness to achieve their goals, affirmative action will become outdated.

Did FDR endanger the economic essays

Did FDR endanger the economic essays Did FDR endanger the economic prosperity and well being of the nation? Contrary to the charge, FDR did not endanger the economic prosperity and well being of the nation. In fact, FDRs actions as president have rescued the nations economy and have improved our economic future. The setting of a national minimum wage and giving workers the right to organize (through the NRA) will result in a happier, wealthier American working class that will have more disposable income to spend on consumer goods and services. Thus, those two reforms will actually stimulate the economy rather than endanger it. In much the same way, the creation of government-funded jobs will reduce unemployment, giving a good portion of the population some buying power that they not otherwise would have. Job competition with commercial businesses is not a problem, as the government pays significantly less than most businesses. The temporary closing of banks was an excellent way to ensure the safety of peoples deposits and to restore confidence in the banking system. So the temporar y closing of banks was actually good for the then-ailing economy. The relief, or welfare given to the unemployed by FERA in the first Hundred Days was a temporary measure called for by the desperate times. The handouts to the unemployed served only to help them survive, not to make them lazy and dependant. In regards to Social Security, because it only goes into effect after retirement at 65, it does not create a dependency that endangers national productivity. Rather, the recipients of Social Security are not in good enough shape to make much of a contribution in terms of productivity. ...

Predicting Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions

Predicting Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one atomic element. This example problem demonstrates how to predict the molecular formulas of several compounds involving polyatomic ions. Polyatomic Ion Problem Predict the formulas of these compounds, which contain polyatomic ions:   barium hydroxideammonium phosphatepotassium sulfate Solution The formulas of compounds containing polyatomic ions are found in much the same way as formulas are found for monoatomic ions. Make sure you are familiar with the most common polyatomic ions. Here is a list of polyatomic ions to help you. Look at the locations of the elements on the Periodic Table. Atoms in the same column as each other (Group) tend to exhibit similar characteristics, including the number of electrons the elements would need to gain or lose to resemble the nearest noble gas atom. To determine common ionic compounds formed by elements, keep the following in mind: Group I ions (alkali metals) have 1 charges.Group 2 ions (alkaline earth metals) have 2 charges.Group 6 ions (nonmetals) have -2 charges.Group 7 ions (halides) have -1 charges.There is no simple way to predict the charges of the transition metals. Look on a table listing charges (valences) for possible values. For introductory and general chemistry courses, the 1, 2, and 3 charges are most often used. When you write the formula for an ionic compound, remember that the positive ion is always listed first. When there are two or more polyatomic ions in a formula, enclose the polyatomic ion in parentheses.Write down the information you have for the charges of the component ions and balance them to answer the problem.   Barium has a 2 charge and hydroxide has a -1 charge, therefore1 Ba2 ion is required to balance 2 OH- ionsAmmonium has a 1 charge and phosphate has a -3 charge, therefore3 NH4 ions are required to balance 1 PO43- ionPotassium has a 1 charge and sulfate has a -2 charge, therefore2 K ions are required to balance 1 SO42- ion Answer Ba(OH)2(NH4)3PO4K2SO4 The charges listed above for atoms within groups are the common charges, but you should be aware that the elements sometimes take on different charges. See the table of the valences of the elements for a list of the charges that the elements have been known to assume. For example, carbon commonly assumes either a 4 or -4 oxidation state, while copper usually has as 1 or 2 oxidation state.

Integration of the strategy components in achieving Broadway cafs goal Essay

Integration of the strategy components in achieving Broadway cafs goal - Essay Example This means that if the venture has a negative value of the returns or profitability, it is too risky or not profitable, and, the company should reconsider investing in the venture. Broadway Cafe has a rich history in the restaurant business. With modern technological development, the Business has to acquire a niche with the intent of competitively edging out its competitors in the business. IT strategies coupled with appropriate ethic codes would not only protect the older customer base but also introduce the new generation of internet accessible customers. The system also factors in the need to show employers that are not only IT compliant but also customer and environmental friendly. â€Å"Integration of the strategy components in achieving Broadway cafes goal† The Combined use of e-Business, employee ethics together with consumer confidence will provide synergy required in the management and daily operation of the Broadway cafe. This synergy provides a simplified and summar ized vision of the business. With the ventures primary customer base being the MSU students, (an IT compliant public) an e-Business would be more attractive to them. Broadway Cafe expects to acquire a facebook and twitter account as well as other social media sites to seek membership from this population as a way of expanding its customer base. This membership would raise home deliveries, online booking, gift vouchers, and other niceties to pull them. With the additional setting up of a website, it would be simple to reach more customers through advertisements. A broadband service would also be available to ensure that customers comprise time to enjoy their meals plus a moment to surf the Internet. This strategy aims at attracting and retaining clientele that are time conscious, Internet responsive, and also the holidaymakers who prefer their orders delivered to their localities (Amor 207). Eco-friendly clients would also have the opportunity to meet e-tickets and receipts while the business would cut down the costs of purchasing pare receipts. The development of updated customer friendly employee ethics would be manifest. This will ensure that the employees have not only real working conditions but also customer ethics that can attract and retain customers. Most of the other competitors fail to initiate established employee ethics and this situational strategy hopes to capitalize on this tool as a sense of outplaying the other competitors in the business. Furthermore, customer security would equally become crucial. Customers are currently conscious about their safety especially within populated areas such as eateries and other social places. This is as the result of terrorist threats, cyber crimes, and social safety concerns. Broadway cafe hopes to initiate work ethics codes, consumer welfare and employee protection. With the introduction of the Biometric system, customers would be required to provide individual information. It is fundamental to ascertain tha t the management and utilization of such information would be achievable through careful process. The customers will recoup their biodata at will to build their dependence on the business. The Estimated Returns The business expects to source for money in order to achieve these strategies. The financing classification that is most suitable incorporates loans. The company has sourced for a web developer and a forensic officer who are to start work quickly and continue through by the end of the coming week. The estimated costs amount to $ 5,000,

US Adaptations Of Japanese Horror Films Case Study

US Adaptations Of Japanese Horror Films - Case Study Example Ringu was shown in Japan in 1998, directed by Hideo Nakata, and was considered one of the most popular J-Horror (Japanese Horror) in the country (Internet Movie Database 2011). It was a film adaptation of the novel series, Ring, created by Koji Suzuki. The Ring was released in The US and international theaters in 2001 and was largely a box-office all throughout countries with its release. The Ring was directed by Gore Verbinski and has received a mostly positive response from the audience while critical reception from known critics (IMDb 2011). Although the two films are tracking one storyline, Ringu was regarded more as a supernatural-biological film while The Ring was more of psychological-horror. Specified genre already claimed differences between these two films (Wee 2011). Summary, In order to give justifiable judgment and comparative execution of the two films, common summary, is necessary for better understanding. The story opened with two girls watching TV, and talked about a deadly videotape. It was explained deadly because the videotape was cursed. The curse was that whoever watched the videotape, the viewer will die after 7 days. One of the two girls admitted that she had watched a certain tape with a group of friends but was hesitant about the effect of the curse. She revealed that that night was her 7th day upon watching the film with her friends. After some irregular incidents happened in her house, she was killed by some negative force that came from the TV and was witnessed by her friend. The friend-witnessed was sent to a mental hospital as revealed in the course of the film. The girl who died happened to be the niece of the protagonist of the story named Reiko in Ringu and Rachel in The Ring.

Media Audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Audience - Essay Example Media research problems are many and some of them are connected with the ethnography. Meeting people, observing them, participating in their activities, experiencing, reflecting, and understanding are considered to be the real ethnography. Media ethnography is virtual, proper, accumulated experiences, matters of every day life, some important and the rest unimportant. There should be a tradition, or continuity in it because the field or object should have existed for at least a certain amount of time, media ethnographies are about the end users, here, they are the audience. It is important to know how ethnography could be contextualised. While researching on the key issue of ethnography, mostly it is done on the constraints placed on the media. Media ethnography studies various fields of media and how it could be used in understanding the audience. "Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages can be written; members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are," Abercrombie (1996, p. 140). Media ethnography is a new methodology, and one of... In wireless research communication poses methodological challenges where cell phone usage is concerned. It is interesting to find out the social rules, adherence and breakage from them, and how new rules and new cell phone etiquette are formulated all the time. It maps the cell phone's capacity of fast becoming the social topography markers and it analyses the trend. Researchers face the problems of analysing the modifications, innovations, discoveries, new social interactions, violations, discarding of old social behaviours over the phone. New media research is also forced to analyse the usage of codes in social interactions and conversations. There are many challenges that are confronted by media researchers in coding too. If the research is about the internet, researcher has to find the reason, motivation, kinds of information and decision making while researching on internet. It is important to know how it is used for online interviews, how people are found and positioned, in what way it is better than personal interviews, or over telephone and how it is using the updated technology. It is also interesting to find out about the chat rooms that use many topics, political, economical, social, religious, cultural and informational and why, how and how often they use this facility. Researching on use-net and message boards had not been easy either. Researcher faces difficulties in finding people for interview and retaining their interest for the time of his research. Good sampling is an equally difficult task because to create and structure such a group of par excellence again is very difficult. Formatting the interview, deciding its mode and means of conducting such an

Managing Hospitality Enterprises Human Resource Management Recruitment Selection Business Essay

Managing Hospitality Enterprises Human Resource Management Recruitment Selection Business Essay Introduction The main purpose of recruitment and selection process is to select the right candidate for the job (Dale 2001). In a hospitality industry, it is often said that our people are the greatest asset (Hayes and Ninemeier 2009). People are a critical component in this industry as they are the ones that have the most interaction with the guests. Many successful hospitality leaders has this perception that by giving outstanding guest services it will lead to the company excelling and making profits. There is also a point in mind to take note as there is a need to identify the talented people in the organization and coming out with methods to train and retain them. These people must be kept satisfied and committed to the organization goals. At any one time people will be trying to either change their job or acquire a job and employers at the same time will be looking for employers (Nickson 2007). This indicates that all the workers in the external market are competing for jobs all the time. Due to the impact of the recent economic recession, employers would find it difficult to retain their top-performing employees as during this period the employees do not enjoy much benefit. Employers fear that employees would leave their current job and getting a better job. In a Hospitality Industry, it is often seen that attracting the locals to work are often more difficult to work. Among the many areas of the Human Resource Management, I feel that the most basic step in the Hospitality Industry is to recruit the right people for the Industry. Definition of Recruitment and Selection Recruitment is the process of attracting a pool of candidates for a vacant position, and selection is the technique of choosing a new member of the organization from the available candidates (McKenna and Beech 2008). Recruitment is the process of finding and engaging the people the organization needs and selection is that part of the recruitment process concerned with deciding applicants or candidates should be appointed to jobs (Armstrong 2009). According to this author there are four stages of recruitment and selection are as follows: Recruitment and selection stages Defining requirements preparing role profiles and person specifications; deciding terms and conditions of employment. Planning recruitment campaigns. Attracting candidates- reviewing and evaluating alternative sources of applicants, inside and outside the company: advertising, e-recruiting, agencies and consultants. Selecting candidates- sifting applications, interviewing, testing, assessing candidates, assessment centres, offering employment, obtaining references; preparing contracts of employment. The overall aim of the recruitment and selection process should be to obtain at minimum cost the number and quality of employees required to satisfy the needs of the company (Armstrong 1998). According to the same author there are only three stages of recruitment and selection which are: Defining requirements preparing job descriptions and specifications; deciding terms and conditions of employment. Attracting candidates reviewing and evaluating, alternative sources of applicants, inside and outside the company, advertising, using agencies and consultants. Selecting candidates sifting applicants, interviewing, testing, assessing candidates, assessment centers, offering employment, obtaining references; preparing contracts of employment. Among these three authors above, each of them gives different definition to what recruitment and selection is. The first author talks about just filling up the vacancy of any particular position in the company and choosing a new member without any consideration of whether that person is capable of doing the job. However the second author does resolve the issue of this by basically trying to see whether the persons goals is on the same track with what the organization is trying to achieve at the same time and after that selecting whether the person goals can fit into that particular position. The last author is basically trying to use the minimum resources available to achieve the maximum productivity of the company to gain profits. Out of all these three authors, the second author definition should be considered by Human Resource Managers as having the person with the same goals as the organization would help the company yield better results and as well as retention of the employees without worrying about them changing or quitting their jobs. Process of Recruitment and Selection The recruitment and selection process typically comprises of 4 stages. The first stage is to plan, the second is to recruit, the third is to select and the last stage is to induct (Peragamon Flexible Learning 2005). The first three stages of this process are very important. Being a HR manager, he/she needs to determine whether recruitment is necessary, the job specifications and writing a job description. After this, the most appropriate application methods are determined, deciding how to attract applicants and marketing the job. The next is to sift and shortlist applications, holding selection interviews, making a decision to offer and taking up references. The recruitment and selection process has 3 steps. The first step is to plan, the second is to recruit and the last is to select (Ingram et al. 2009). The recruitment and selection process is a complex process. There are four important identifiable phases in this process which are pre-recruitment, recruitment, select and induct (Lock 1998). The three authors point of view for the recruitment and selection process are basically the same except for the second author who only has 3 stages instead of 4 comparing with the other two authors. From this, the second author stopped at the point of selection of the applicants but do not do anything to further to evaluate the employee being selected. This should not be the case for any organization. After the employee is selected, all aspects of an organizations recruitment and policy should be known and clearly conveyed to the employee (James 2005). In a hospitality industry, the HR manager has to know the countrys HR policy before implementing the recruitment and selection process, this is so as not to make any unnecessary mistakes. For example, employing more foreigners than locals would mostly likely cause an outrage. Orientation is given to the new employees that are being selected by the HR. On the first day of employment, the employee is being shown the different parts of the Hotel to meet the different managers and the employees to get familiarize with the various departments. The employees are also shown the different facilities of the hotels as well in the process. Contact should always be maintained with the new employees until it becomes apparent that they have settled down and become part of the team. Every aspect of the recruitment and selection process should be implemented and executed perfectly so that the employee can perform better. Implementation of Effective Recruitment and Selection The recruitment and selection process serves only as a model of how an employee should be recruited and selected. Greater efforts are made to improve by having a sharper competitive edge so that good candidates are not lost to the competitors. This can be done in several ways which are E-recruitment, Technology; Streamlining, Screening and Keeping in closer touch (Rankin 2003). By the beginning of the twenty-first century, an increasing number of managers had become aware that attracting and selecting the best candidates is not an easy task, nor is it risk fee. The organization when I doubt, should not hire and keep looking so that resources are not wasted (Banfield and Kay 2008). Effective recruitment and selection of personnel should attempt to ensure that an individuals aspirations and capabilities are not too divergent (Sharma 2003). The three authors have different views about what is effective recruitment and selection, the first author view is basically to use the minimum costs possible to get the right employee for the job, the second author basically means to wait for the right candidate to appear for the job. The last author basically means that the employees goals and objectives are somewhat similar to what the organizations have. The best option would be the combination of the first and last author by using the minimum number of resources to get the employee which has the same goals and objectives as the organization. This would enable the company to save costs as well as getting the suitable employee for the job. In the hospitality industry, the image of it has been skeptical towards many people due to the fact that people has the misperception of this industry. The misperception includes factors such as the low salary, long working hours, long standing hours and giving service to customers. Basically anybody with a diploma or less can work in the hospitality industry such as being a waiter, a front office staff, a housekeeper, etc. With a bit of training, anyone is capable of the doing the job. Many people do not wish to serve people as most of them enjoyed being served. The best effective way now normally is through word of mouth by referrals or contacting hospitality schools to get students for internship and if possible get the graduates to go back to the hotel to work. This saves the hotel of wasting resources and effectively recruiting the graduates as they have already work in the hotel and no basic training is required for him/her. For any organizations, normally those well-known of that particular industry would receive more job applicants than others. For example, Hyatt Hotel would receive more applicants than other hotels. Therefore, what it can do is to have a group of people on the spot for selective recruitment and selection, out of 5 people, the best candidate would be selected by the manager. Lastly, the recruiter plays a very important role to ensure that the recruitment and selection is being implemented effectively. Outcomes of Recruitment and Selection The final outcome of the recruitment and selection stage is to consider and implement a carefully organized, systematic recruitment and selection process that qualifies candidates in ways that reduces the cost outlay overall (Thompsen 2010). Keeping costs low is paramount, but the senior management team should avoid going overboard with its cost-cutting efforts. For some highly qualified individuals, the experience of a low-budget recruiting process might be a deal-breaker. So the most successful companies seek a balance. For the median prospects, the cost outlay must remain low. The company should then reserve the most expensive recruiting techniques for the most highly qualified prospects. The above might seem an overly simplified list of desired outcomes, but it all points to one overarching outcome: Develop a fair, efficient, and effective recruitment and selection process. The outcomes list sets up the essential target of having a legally sound recruitment and selection process that also produces the perception of fairness. And in the end, the company that reaches all of these desired outcomes will be left with a high-powered, highly effective and low-cost recruiting strategy. Recruitment and selection can be an expensive activity and it is important that some attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of the methods used and to justify expenditure (Simms 2005). One of the difficulties is that is difficult to quantify the contribution that the newly recruited individual is making to the organization and the benefits. Even if this is possible, it is difficult to identify how different aspects of the procedure contribute to the recruitment and selection of a particular individual. For example, if a different, less expensive method had been used, the same individual might still have been appointed because they happened to be looking for a change of job at that particular point in time in that particular area of work or location. Although there may be too many contingencies and variables to evaluate in a meaningful and tangible way, recruitment and selection should nevertheless be evaluated and the outcome of the evaluation used to inform and revise future activities. Measures of the number and suitability of applications received through a particular recruitment method can provide information about the continuous appropriateness of a particular method. This sort of information can also be useful in evaluating other aspects of the process, for example, a usually large number of unsuitable applicants may indicate a poorly written advertisement or a very general person specification which needs to be revised for the future. It can be also useful to seek and evaluate feedback about the process from applicants, new recruits, managers and other staff involved in the process, and during exit interviews. Conclusion Recruitment and selection is a vital function of HR in the organization (Pattanayak 2005). The slightest mistake will lead to a square peg in round hole. In the long run, this would prove to be problematic as these people would pull the organization down. An organization periodically needs to attract applicants for their existing or future staffing needs (Pynes 2009). There are many methods of recruitments available. Recruitment Strategies should be planned in advance of the organizations needs. Strategic job analysis and audits of positions and employee skills should be updated on a regular basis to determine which incumbent employees are qualified for promotions or newly created positions. For some positions, depending on the qualifications and experience needed, HR may need to find applicants from the external labour market. In any organization, efforts should be made to recruit and select a diverse workforce by including individuals with disabilities, older employees and different types of races. Lastly, after recruitment and selection, the best recruitment and selection method should be pointed out and used for subsequent use. Evaluation of the employee is very important after that so that the organization knows how well the employee is doing or coping with the job. This will determine whether the choice of selecting this employee has been a correct decision. Retention of employees in the hospitality industry is very important even after recruitment and selection so that the employer do not repeat this process of recruiting and selecting a new employee and training the employee from scratch.

Effective Media Communications In a Technologically Advanced Society Es

Effective Media Communications In a Technologically Advanced Society The first appointment of an individual to a position similar to that of today's local government manager occurred in 1908 in Staunton, Virginia, where a â€Å"general manager† was employed to oversee the administrative functions of the municipality (http://www.icma.org ). In 1908, technology in the United States was thought to be visionary. Cameras were available to take photos. Newspapers were read across the country. Magazines were coming of age. Newspapers challenged local leaders daily. From the smallest communities to large metropolitan communities, newspapers competed for the news of the day. Reporters put pressure on local leaders as they covered national and local politics. Newspapers were the main resource for communicating with the public. Eastman’s marketing of his Kodak camera in 1888 opened a new era. Thomas Edison’s Kinetoscope of 1889 used Eastman film to produce a 50-foot peep show and by 1896 his Vitascope was used for the first public showing in the U.S. theater of a moving picture show (Emery 191). From 1915-1925, radios also became another venue for politicians and leaders to be put in the public spotlight. Governmental leaders might have believed they were under intense media scrutiny with the daily questioning from newspaper and magazine reporters. These leaders had it easy when compared to the mediums used today by the modern media. City and county managers have access to the highest level of technology ever available in the history of mankind. These technologies can be used to better communication with the public. In fact, our technologically advanced society is going to force no... ...c Journalism. The Pew Center for Civic Journalism. www.pewcenter.org Emery, Michael. The Press and America (Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1992) p. 191. Finberg, Howard I. Editor and Publisher. We Need Multimedia, Instant Publishing Dec. 13, 2001 International City/County Management Association Website. www.icma.org. Insiders Guide to Using Information in Government, Technology Area; Center for Technology in Government. http://www.ctg.albany.edu/guides/usinginfo/Technology/technology.htm Is Your Local Government Plugged In? Highlights of the Electronic Government 2000 Survey Conducted by the International City/County Management Association (revised 3/7/01). www.icma.org. Yudof, Mark G., When Government Speaks: Politics, Law, and Government Expression in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983) p. 16.

Good and Evil (a Wrinkle in Time, and Frankenstein Review) Essay

â€Å"Life is neither good or evil, but only a place for good and evil. † – Marcus Aurelius. A Wrinkle in Time is a book about the journey through the war of good versus evil and the ultimate triumph of love. Every character is clearly distinguished with either good or evil: the â€Å"good† characters include Meg, her family, Calvin, the Mrs. W’s, Aunt Beast, and the Happy Medium; the â€Å"evil† characters include IT, The Dark Thing, and the Man with the Red Eyes. Frankenstein, on the other hand, is a story told in a series of letters, as Robert Walton, the captain of a ship bound for the North Pole, recounts to his sister back in England the progress of his dangerous mission. Successful early on, the mission is soon to be disturbed by seas full of impassable ice. Trapped, Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein, who had been travelling by dog-drawn sledge across the ice and is weakened by the cold. Walton take him abroad the ship, helps nurse him back to health, and hears the fantastic tale of the monster the Frankenstein created. This tale that Frankenstein is reciting reveals the two sides that a person, or a living creature can portray: good and evil. Frankenstein was banned in South Africa for being â€Å"obscene† and â€Å"indecent†, while A Wrinkle in Time was banned for having a fantasy-related genre throughout the plot, including witches and demons. Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. â€Å"Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have power; you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master; — obey! † (Shelley 149). In Frankenstein, the monster represents evil, as it comes to life, and terrorizes its creator. Dangerous knowledge is an ideal theme in Frankenstein. The pursuit of knowledge is right in the middle of Frankenstein, as Victor attempts to go beyond accepted human limits and find out the secret of life. Likewise, Robert Walton attempts to pass the past human explorations by being determined to reach the North Pole. In A Wrinkle In Time, comfort and individuality is a major theme that I saw throughout the plot. The main character, Meg, is caught between the desire for conformity and the expression of her own creative nature. At the beginning of the novel Meg feels embittered towards other students at her school that make fun of her and tease her for being different, as well as those who see her little brother as being weird or odd. She desperately wants to be more like her twin brothers who have little problem fitting in. The theme that the two stories share, and that I have mentioned before, is the theme titled good and evil: â€Å"Suddenly there was a great burst of light through the Darkness. The light spread out and where it touched the Darkness the Darkness disappeared. The light spread until the patch of Dark Thing had vanished, and there was only a gentle shining, and through the shining came the stars, clear and pure. Then, slowly, the shining dwindled until it, too, was gone, and there was nothing but stars and starlight. No shadows. No fear. Only the stars and the clear darkness of space, quite different from the fearful darkness of the Thing† (L’Engle 102). It’s interesting that the defeat of the Black Thing doesn’t lead to the universe being lit up like a baseball stadium, but rather to an absence of unnatural darkness. It’s almost like the battle isn’t so much between evil and good as between evil and the normal. Characters are â€Å"Plot is no more than footprints left in the snow after your characters have run by on their way to incredible destinations† – Ray Bradbury. In Frankenstein, the main character or the creator of the monster. Victor becomes obsessed with the idea of creating an artificial human form and eventually attempts to make it. Immediately after creating the monster, he falls into a depression and starts to fear. He leaves the school and returns home to his family, where he finds only tragedy. Not fully aware of the consequences of his creating a new human, he ends up really spending his entire life trying to destroy the same creation he was working to make for so long. In a Wrinkle In Time however, the protagonist is portrayed a bit differently: Meg Murry, The book’s hero, an awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an adventure through time and space with her brother Charles Wallace and friend Calvin to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe. Meg’s greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she changes and overcomes them, and in the end is victorious, as the story ends with a stereotypical kid’s-story ending. A happy ending for the protagonist. The main differences that I saw between the two are the two protagonists: Meg Murry (A Wrinkle In Time), and Victor Frankenstein (Frankenstein), are to begin with, set in different times. A Wrinkle In Time could be set anywhere in the recent past. Frankenstein however, is set in the late 18th century. The whole concept of Frankenstein is much darker, and in fact I would say it could be classified as gothic science fiction, as the characters are much darker, and seem more serious and cold-hearted by the way Shelley describes them compared to the other book. A Wrinkle In Time is much lighter, as the characters, their actions, and abilities are all easier, and always give the advantage to the â€Å"good guys†. Also the whole concept of the book, and the idea of it, is more for a child’s imagination to handle and comprehend compared to Frankenstein, and I would classify it as plain science and fantasy fiction. Although these differences shape the stories in totally different directions, there are some similarities: The similarities between the characters and their traits are that they both have solid downsides to them. As I mentioned before, Meg’s (A Wrinkle In Time) faults are her temper, impatience, and lack of confidence in herself, and Victor’s (Frankenstein) faults are that he is in a depression and great fear throughout the plot after the Monster is created and is woken. Another trait I can compare between the two protagonists, are their determination to reach their final goal. Although I cannot see it in either book, but both books were officially banned in one place or another for ridiculous reasons. Frankenstein was banned in South Africa for being â€Å"obscene† and â€Å"indecent† in 1955. Maybe 57 years ago there were different rules and traits a person had to portray to be defined as â€Å"good†, but to make this specific book banned for being â€Å"obscene† (which means that it is offensive or the opposite of accepted manner). A Wrinkle In Time is banned for having witches, crystal balls and demons. Also, because Jesus is listed among the names of great artists, philosophers and teachers, and it is banned in the U. S. â€Å"Thus strangely are our souls constructed, and by such slight ligaments are we bound to prosperity or ruin† (Shelley 37). All in all, these books have more differences than similarities in my opinion. Although both are really good, one is dark while the other is light compared. The similarities that I saw in the characters, the themes, and the reason they were censored are mostly because of the relationship between good and evil throughout it. Studying these two books and the reason for them being banned has surprisingly changed my life in a minor way, as I learned how people from different cultures and education they grew up with react to different things, and I learned to compare and contrast, not only the books, but real life situations such as the South Africans who banned Frankenstein versus my lifestyle and way-of-thinking. â€Å"Life is neither good or evil, but only a place for good and evil. † – Marcus Aurelius. A Wrinkle in Time is a book about the journey through the war of good versus evil and the ultimate triumph of love. Every character is clearly distinguished with either good or evil: the â€Å"good† characters include Meg, her family, Calvin, the Mrs. W’s, Aunt Beast, and the Happy Medium; the â€Å"evil† characters include IT, The Dark Thing, and the Man with the Red Eyes. Frankenstein, on the other hand, is a story told in a series of letters, as Robert Walton, the captain of a ship bound for the North Pole, recounts to his sister back in England the progress of his dangerous mission. Successful early on, the mission is soon to be disturbed by seas full of impassable ice. Trapped, Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein, who had been travelling by dog-drawn sledge across the ice and is weakened by the cold. Walton take him abroad the ship, helps nurse him back to health, and hears the fantastic tale of the monster the Frankenstein created. This tale that Frankenstein is reciting reveals the two sides that a person, or a living creature can portray: good and evil. Frankenstein was banned in South Africa for being â€Å"obscene† and â€Å"indecent†, while A Wrinkle in Time was banned for having a fantasy-related genre throughout the plot, including witches and demons. Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. â€Å"Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proved yourself unworthy of my condescension. Remember that I have power; you believe yourself miserable, but I can make you so wretched that the light of day will be hateful to you. You are my creator, but I am your master; — obey! † (Shelley 149). In Frankenstein, the monster represents evil, as it comes to life, and terrorizes its creator. Dangerous knowledge is an ideal theme in Frankenstein. The pursuit of knowledge is right in the middle of Frankenstein, as Victor attempts to go beyond accepted human limits and find out the secret of life. Likewise, Robert Walton attempts to pass the past human explorations by being determined to reach the North Pole. In A Wrinkle In Time, comfort and individuality is a major theme that I saw throughout the plot. The main character, Meg, is caught between the desire for conformity and the expression of her own creative nature. At the beginning of the novel Meg feels embittered towards other students at her school that make fun of her and tease her for being different, as well as those who see her little brother as being weird or odd. She desperately wants to be more like her twin brothers who have little problem fitting in. The theme that the two stories share, and that I have mentioned before, is the theme titled good and evil: â€Å"Suddenly there was a great burst of light through the Darkness. The light spread out and where it touched the Darkness the Darkness disappeared. The light spread until the patch of Dark Thing had vanished, and there was only a gentle shining, and through the shining came the stars, clear and pure. Then, slowly, the shining dwindled until it, too, was gone, and there was nothing but stars and starlight. No shadows. No fear. Only the stars and the clear darkness of space, quite different from the fearful darkness of the Thing† (L’Engle 102). It’s interesting that the defeat of the Black Thing doesn’t lead to the universe being lit up like a baseball stadium, but rather to an absence of unnatural darkness. It’s almost like the battle isn’t so much between evil and good as between evil and the normal. Characters are â€Å"Plot is no more than footprints left in the snow after your characters have run by on their way to incredible destinations† – Ray Bradbury. In Frankenstein, the main character or the creator of the monster. Victor becomes obsessed with the idea of creating an artificial human form and eventually attempts to make it. Immediately after creating the monster, he falls into a depression and starts to fear. He leaves the school and returns home to his family, where he finds only tragedy. Not fully aware of the consequences of his creating a new human, he ends up really spending his entire life trying to destroy the same creation he was working to make for so long. In a Wrinkle In Time however, the protagonist is portrayed a bit differently: Meg Murry, The book’s hero, an awkward, but loving high school student who is sent on an adventure through time and space with her brother Charles Wallace and friend Calvin to rescue her father from the evil force that is attempting to take over the universe. Meg’s greatest faults are her anger, impatience, and lack of self-confidence, but she changes and overcomes them, and in the end is victorious, as the story ends with a stereotypical kid’s-story ending. A happy ending for the protagonist. The main differences that I saw between the two are the two protagonists: Meg Murry (A Wrinkle In Time), and Victor Frankenstein (Frankenstein), are to begin with, set in different times. A Wrinkle In Time could be set anywhere in the recent past. Frankenstein however, is set in the late 18th century. The whole concept of Frankenstein is much darker, and in fact I would say it could be classified as gothic science fiction, as the characters are much darker, and seem more serious and cold-hearted by the way Shelley describes them compared to the other book. A Wrinkle In Time is much lighter, as the characters, their actions, and abilities are all easier, and always give the advantage to the â€Å"good guys†. Also the whole concept of the book, and the idea of it, is more for a child’s imagination to handle and comprehend compared to Frankenstein, and I would classify it as plain science and fantasy fiction. Although these differences shape the stories in totally different directions, there are some similarities: The similarities between the characters and their traits are that they both have solid downsides to them. As I mentioned before, Meg’s (A Wrinkle In Time) faults are her temper, impatience, and lack of confidence in herself, and Victor’s (Frankenstein) faults are that he is in a depression and great fear throughout the plot after the Monster is created and is woken. Another trait I can compare between the two protagonists, are their determination to reach their final goal. Although I cannot see it in either book, but both books were officially banned in one place or another for ridiculous reasons. Frankenstein was banned in South Africa for being â€Å"obscene† and â€Å"indecent† in 1955. Maybe 57 years ago there were different rules and traits a person had to portray to be defined as â€Å"good†, but to make this specific book banned for being â€Å"obscene† (which means that it is offensive or the opposite of accepted manner). A Wrinkle In Time is banned for having witches, crystal balls and demons. Also, because Jesus is listed among the names of great artists, philosophers and teachers, and it is banned in the U. S. â€Å"Thus strangely are our souls constructed, and by such slight ligaments are we bound to prosperity or ruin† (Shelley 37). All in all, these books have more differences than similarities in my opinion. Although both are really good, one is dark while the other is light compared. The similarities that I saw in the characters, the themes, and the reason they were censored are mostly because of the relationship between good and evil throughout it. Studying these two books and the reason for them being banned has surprisingly changed my life in a minor way, as I learned how people from different cultures and education they grew up with react to different things, and I learned to compare and contrast, not only the books, but real life situations such as the South Africans who banned Frankenstein versus my lifestyle and way-of-thinking.